HOW THE Cable Tool Drilling Rig WORKS
the Cable Tool Drilling Rig
(from The Fascinating Oil Business)
Cable-tool drilling is done by raising and dropping a string of tools on the end of a cable. The up and down motion is imparted by the walking beam. The tools are pulled from or lowered into the hole by winding or unwinding the drill cable on the bull wheel. Casing is raised or lowered by the casing line and calf wheel. The cuttings are removed from the hole by the bailer, which is raised and lowered by the sand line and reel.
Image Index
- Crown Block
- Bull Wheel
- Walking Beam
- Temper Screw
- Drilling Line
- Casing Head
- Cellar
- Drilling Tools
- Calf Wheel
- Casing Line
- Pittman
- Crank
- Band Wheel
- Sand Reel
- Sand or Bailing Line
- Belt House
- Engine
- Engine House
- Headache Post
- Lazy Bench
Peter McEwan used a cable tool drilling rig for the first time in 1865 when he drilled for oil in Maitlandville.
A vertical beam sits on the cable tool drilling rig’s platform. On top of that sits a horizontal beam that’s like a rocker arm. It’s called a walking beam. As the beam goes up and down, it lifts and drops the cable and bit suspended from the derrick. The calf wheel for the casing line and the sand reel for the bailer also sit on the platform.
The drilling line cable has one end wrapped around a spool so it can be wound and unwound, and the other end attached to a string of tools. At the end of that string is the drill bit shaped like a chisel. When the drilling line cable drops the tool string, the drill bit plunges into the earth. The rock at the bottom of the borehole shatters when the drill bit makes contact.
The bailing line cable operates the bailer. When enough pulverized rock fragments, or drill cuttings, have accumulated at the bottom of the hole, they have to be removed. If they weren’t taken out, they’d be in the way of the drill bit, and it couldn’t do its job. If there’s water in the borehole, that’s good for bailing, but if there’s not, water has to be added to form a slurry with the crushed rock.
When the bailer goes down into the slurry, it has a trapdoor on the bottom that opens. When the bailer is lifted back up, the trapdoor automatically closes. Then the bailer is raised, and the cuttings are dumped into a pit beside the derrick. Depending on the kind of rock encountered, the drill tools must be lifted out of the hole and the bailer sent down about every two hours.
The casing cable is for inserting the casing in the hole to help prevent cave-ins.
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