HOW THE SPRING POLE DRILLING RIG WORKS
A Video from the Oil Museum of Canada
Model of a Spring Pole Drilling Rig From The Oil Museum of Canada in Oil Springs, Ontario
This model installation depicts the type of equipment in use in the early 1860s in the Oil Springs, Ontario, oil fields and was used to drill the first gusher oil well drilled by Mr. Shaw in 1862.
Originally, rectangular wells 6 feet by 8 feet were hand dug and cribbed with round black ash poles. Cribbing was constructed on the surface and droppped into the well by its own weight as the well digging progressed. Wells of this type were dug to depths of 60 feet and during the 5 or 6 years that this method was used, hundreds of such wells were sunk in the Oil Springs fields. The oil which seeped into these wells was lifted to the surface by hand operated wooden pumps which were the only type available at that time.
As the wells showed signs of depletion, they were extended using the only type of drilling equipment known at the time, the spring pole rig. The spring pole was operated thus: the drill tools were suspended on a manilla drill line so that the tools would be about one foot off the bottom of the hole; two men, one standing on each side of the treadle, threw their weight vigorously on the treadle forcing the tools to strike the bottom of the hole as violently as possible; relieving their weight the spring pole returned the tools to their original position. This action would continue day after endless day, chiseling out precious inches in the solid rock.
Drilling continued in this fashion for many years and was replaced by a Canadian invention, the Canadian pole-type steam driven rig, which was a great step forward in the drilling operation.
(Image & description courtesy The Oil Museum of Canada.)
Note: The Canadian pole-type rig was similar to the cable tool rig, but instead of suspending the drill bit from a rope cable it was suspended from a series of thirty-foot long poles made from black ash trees. The deeper they drilled the more ash poles they added to the string.
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